Masers are the future of clean energy – according to Quaise
Quaise Energy isn’t chasing the kind of geothermal energy where Mother Earth was already kind enough to put hot rocks near the surface. Quaise is trying to make geothermal work almost anywhere on the planet, by drilling deeper than we ever have before … with masers. If you’re unfamiliar with masers (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation), think of them as the microwave-frequency equivalent of lasers. Instead of visible light, they generate tightly focused beams of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation. In Quaise’s case, that means 105-GHz millimeter waves powerful enough to ablate, melt, and even vaporize rock without physically touching it. In most cases outside of active volcanic zones like Iceland, truly “superhot geothermal” rock at 752 °F (400 °C) is pretty far below the Earth’s surface. The general rule of thumb is a geothermal gradient of about 77 °F per mile (25 °C per km), meaning 9-10 or more miles (14-16 km) to hit that sweet spot for superhot rock. Conventional geothermal typically works around 302–392 °F (150–200 °C). With superhot temperatures, water carries much more usable heat and circulates more efficiently, and scientists estimate superhot systems could produce 5-10 times more energy per well. Slightly different design on the launcher than the Nabors test, but also different methodology on the bore. That being said, for over a football field in depth, that bit barely looks touchedJS @ New Atlas For example, Iceland’s Deep Drilling Project Krafla borehole hit 846 °F (452 °C) superheated steam at around 2,059 psi (142 bar). It was estimated to have a production potential of 36 MWe, which would be about 10x that of conventional geothermal. “Estimated” because irreparable equipment failures led to the plugging of the borehole and nothing has become of it … yet. And Krafla hadn’t even reached supercritical water temperatures yet, where temps would need to reach 705 °F (374 °C) and about 3,200 psi (221 bar) of pressure, which is on Quaise’s to-do list as well. Supercriticality is a strange phenomenon where temperature and pressure change the state of water, so it acts as neither a gas nor a liquid, but has liquid-like density and the flow characteristics of a gas, making it especially energy dense and fast flowing. But that’s for a later date. For now, Quaise is focusing on its first-ever geothermal plant, Project Obsidian, which is set to go online in 2030. Phase 1 construction of the 50-MW plant is already underway. If you’ve ever wondered what a 100-kW gyrotron looks like, well this is it! This is the one in the M1 mobile unit at Marble Falls.JS @ New Atlas It’s situated just south of Bend, Oregon. What makes the area special is the 75-mile-long (121-km), 27-mile-wide (43-km) active volcano that sits nearby, called Newberry Volcano. Geologists figure the volcano’s last eruption was around 1,300 years ago. Having personally been through there several times, it’s evident that it wasn’t all that long ago on the human timescale; old, hardened lava flows are visible in nearly every direction, still devoid of trees after more than a millennium. Quaise considers this to be a Tier I site, the “easiest” tier, where geothermal activity is closest to the surface, making superhot rock more accessible. To get its very first project off the ground – the very first of its kind, in fact – Quaise’s target is the lower threshold of superhot geothermal, as high as 689 °F (365 °C), with an average temp of 599 °F (315 °C) at about three miles (4.8 km) deep. Quaise intends to be online by 2030, producing 50 MW of clean, renewable geothermal power ’round the clock. It turns out, copper is a very effective mirror to direct millimeter waves. JS @ New Atlas Phase two plans to go even hotter with a second well system – as high as 779 °F (415 °C). No one has ever done that before. “[599 °F average] is on the cusp of what is achievable today, so it’s lower technical risk,” says Quaise senior mechanical engineer Daniel W. Dichter. “With what we learn from that system, we’ll go to the hotter one, which is riskier. Most of our analysis, which is based on several models, was dedicated to trying to understand some of these uncertainties … If these first wells work the way we think they will, they will be on par with exceptionally productive oil and gas wells in terms of equivalent power output.” And that’s pretty cool. I’ve personally been to two Quaise demos over the last year, and more recently, I visited Quaise HQ for a personal tour of the facility where the millimeter-wave technology is being developed. The Nabors F rig at the Houston location – it’s designed in such a way that it’s fairly easy to swap from conventional drilling over to millimeter-wave drilling on the same rigJS @ New Atlas On May 21, 2025, I attended the demo at the Nabors facility in Houston, Texas. Quaise was using high-powered millimeter-waves – essentially the shorter-wavelength and higher-frequency cousin of the microwave in your kitchen – to vitrify rock, melting the borehole walls into a glass-like encasement using a 100-kW gyrotron mounted on a standard oil and gas Nabors F rig. While I was there, Quaise bored down to about 10 feet (3 m). Just a few months later, on September 4, 2025, I attended a demo in Marble Falls, Texas, where the company had stuck its very mobile 100-kW gyrotron into a container on the back of a Hino truck, rather than an oil and gas rig. Quaise had also shifted tactics: instead of vitrifying the rock into glass, the team lowered the power just enough to ablate it – turning rock into dust while pumping high-pressure air into the hole to blow it out (capturing and filtering it all at the surface). Quaise’s new way of doing it: ablating rock into dustJS @ New Atlas When I asked about the change, Quaise told me it’s much faster and
Masers are the future of clean energy – according to Quaise Read More »








